Skip to main content

Conditions of Learning

From Aronson and Briggs (1983) p 83

Gagne described two kinds of conditions of learning: internal and external.

1) Internal conditions (primarily recall) - acquisitioni and storage of prior capabilities tha the learner has acquired that are either essential to or supportive of subsequent learning.

2) External conditions - various ways that instructional events outside the learner function to activate and support the internal processes of learning.


::Type of Learning
Internal Conditions
External Conditions

:: Cognitive strategy
I - recall of relevant rules and concepts
E - successive presentation (usually over an extended period of time) of novel problem situations with class of solution unspecified; demonstration of solution by student

:: Verbal information
I - recall of larger meaningful context
E - present new informatioin in larger context

:: Attitude
I - recall of information and intellectual skills relevant to the targeted personal actions
E- establishment or recall of respect for "source" (usually a person)

:: Motor skill
I - recall of component motor chains
E - establishment or recall of executive subroutine (rules); practice of total skill

Internal condition - recall
External condition - stimulating recall

----
In view of my own theory, Gagne has sliced things up a little bit differently. I don't know that a distinction between internal and external is all that useful. Gange's internal conditions correspond to my own notions of sequence, contrast, and significance. His external conditions correspond to my notions of practice, environment, and agents.
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Trait vs state

"A useful distinction in the discussion of student characteristics is trait versus state. Traits are student characteristics that are relatively constant over time...whereas states are student characteristics that tend to vary during individual learning experiences, such as level of content-specific knowledge." (Reigeluth, 1983, p. 32) Reigeluth also states that "many strategy components have been shown to help students with all kinds of traits to learn" [p. 32]. My position is that we do not know a priori which aspects of our instructional strategies, learning environment, motivator, etc... will generalize across many or all students. However, with a localized learning theory we can learn over time which do and which do not. At the same time, we will likely find ways of grouping students that we never would have before imagined.
Post a Comment
Read more

James Paul Gee's 36 principls of learning from What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy

In his book, What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy , James Paul Gee identifies 36 principles of learning: Active, Critical Learning principle All aspects of the learning environment (including the ways in which the semiotic domain is designed and presented) are set up to encourage active and critical, not passive, learning. Design Principle Learning about and coming to appreciate design and design principles is core to the learning experience. Semiotic Principle Learning about and coming to appreciate interrelations within and across multiple sign systems (images, words, actions, symbols, artifacts, etc) as a complex system is core to the learning experience. Semiotic Domains Principle Learning involves mastering, at some level, semiotic domains, and being able to participate, at some level, in the affinity group or groups connected to them. Metalevel Thinking about Semiotic Domains Principle Learning involves active and cr...
Post a Comment
Read more

Gagné's Five Categories (or Domains) of Learning

From Aronson and Briggs (1938) p. 81-82 1) Intellectual skill Using concepts and rules to solve problems; responding to classes of stimuli as distinct from recalling specific examples 2) Motor skill Executing bodily movements smootly and in proper sequence 3) Verbal information Stating information 4) Cognitive strategy Originating novel solutions to problems; utilizing various means for controlling one's thinking/learning processes 5) Attitude Choosing to behave in a particular way "For Gagne, learning occurs when an individual acquires a particular capability to do something." "The capability that one acquires when learning verbal information (e.g., a spouse's birthday) is stating the information. On the other hand, the capability that one acquires in learning an attitude is choosing to act in one way or another...When a person has learned a concept, which is one type of intellectual skill , the person has the capability to correctly identify or classify any pr...
Post a Comment
Read more